Fungsi, Jenis, Macam-macam, dan Contoh Question Words (Kalimat Tanya)

Fungsi, Jenis, Macam-macam, dan Contoh Question Words (Kalimat Tanya)

Pengertian dan Fungsi Question Words

Question words (Kata Tanya) digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang jumlah yang spesifik, waktu, tempat, orang, dll. Question words (kata tanya) ini berbeda dengan yes/ no questions, contohnya: “Do you like coffee?

Ada banyak kata dalam bahasa inggris yang digunakan khususnya untuk membuat kalimat tanya, kata-kata ini disebut dengan “question words” (kata tanya). Terkadang dalam materi bahasa inggris kita mengenalnya dengan “WH question words” karena kata-kata Tanya tersebut diawali dengan huruf “W” dan “H”.

Jenis Question Words

Ada 2 jenis kalimat tanya (question words), yakni:
1.         WH question words
2.         Yes/ no questions

Macam-macam, Fungsi dan Contoh Question Words
Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini:

Question Words
Fungsi
Contoh Kalimat
what
Menanyakan informasi tentang sesuatu.
What is your name?

Menanyakan pengulangan, menanyakan kenapa.
What? I can't hear you.You did what?
what...for
Menanyakan alasan, menanyakan kenapa.
What did you do that for?
when
Menanyakan tentang waktu
When did he leave?
where
Menanyakan posisi atau tempat.
Where do they live?
which
Menanyakan tentang pilihan.
Which colour do you want?
who
Menanyakan subject orang.
Who opened the door?
whom
Menanyakan object orang.
Whom did you see?
whose
Menanyakan tentang kepemilikan.
Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it?
why
Menanyakan alasan.
Why do you say that?
why don't
Memberikan saran.
Why don't I help you?
how
Menyakan tentang cara.
How does this work?

Menanyakan tentang kondisi atau jumlah.
How was your exam?
how + adj/adv
Menanyakan tingkatan
Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
how far
Jarak
How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
how long
Panjang (waktu atau ruang)
How long will it take?
how many
Jumlah (countable)
How many cars are there?
how much
Jumlah (uncountable)
How much money do you have?
how old
Umur
How old are you?
how come (informal)
Menanyakan alasan, menanyakan kenapa.
How come I can't see her?

Arti dan Contoh Question Words

Question Words
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
who
Orang
Who's that? That's Nancy.
where
Tempat
Where do you live? In Boston
why
Alasan
Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early
when
Waktu
When do you go to work? At 7:00
how
Cara
How do you go? By car
what
Object, ide atau tindakan
What do you do? I am an engineer
which
Pilihan
Which one do you prefer? The red one.
whose
Kepemilikan
Whose is this book? It's Alan's.
whom
Object dari kata kerja
Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
what kind
Deskripsi/ gambaran
What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
what time
Waktu
What time did you come home?
how many
Jumlah (countable)
How many students are there? There are twenty.
how much
Jumlah/ kwantitas, harga (uncountable)
How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how long
Durasi, panjang
How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.
how often
Frekwensi
How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.
how far
Jarak
How far is your school? It's one mile far.
how old
Umur
How old are you? I'm 16.
how come
Alasan
How come I didn't see at the party?


Jika anda ingin menanyakan tentang subject dari suatu kalimat, langsung saja tambahkan kata Tanya pada awal kalimat. Contohnya:

Shelly buys new car. – Who buys new car?

Jika anda menanyakan tentang predicate dari suatu kalimat (bagian dari kalimat yang mengandung kata kerja dan memberikan informasi tentang subject), ada 3 pilihan:

1.   Jika ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang mendahului kata kerja utama (seperti: can, is, are, was, were, will, would, … etc), silahkan tambahkan kata tanya kemudian diikuti dengan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) dan subject. Contohnya:

He can speak Japanese. – What can he speak?
They are working tonight. – When are they working?

2.   Jika anda menanyakan predicate tetapi tidak ada kata kerja bantu-nya (auxiliary verb) dan hanya ada “to be”, silahkan tambahkan kata tanya kemudian diikuti dengan to be dan subject. Contohnya:

The play was interesting. – How was the play?

3.  Jika tidak ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) pada predicate dan kata kerja utama bukanlah berupa “to be”, silahkan tambahkan kata kerja bantu “do/ does” dalam bentuk yang sesuai. Contohnya:

They go to the movies every Saturday. – When do they go to the movies?
He wakes up early. – When does he wake up?
Tom sent a letter. – What did they send?

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